Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM).
It selectively binds to estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus, ovary, endometrium, cervix and produces estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects.
It also acts as a partial estrogen agonist in the hypothalamus resulting in an estrogenic negative feedback inhibition, thus increasing gonadotropins.
It increases the secretion of luteinizing hormone as well as follicle-stimulating hormone, thus increasing the production of serum levels of testosterone.
It is also used as an adjuvant to alleviate pituitary suppression.

Clomiphene, also called clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), is an FDA-approved medication indicated to treat anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory infertility to induce ovulation for patients desiring to conceive.
According to studies, the use of clomiphene to induce pregnancy resulted in a 6-month live-birth rate of 20% to 40%.
It can either be used alone or with an adjuvant, such as flying needling therapy (acupuncture).
The patients likely to benefit from clomiphene citrate are patients diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and other causes of infertility such as post-oral-contraceptive amenorrhea, amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome, psychogenic amenorrhea as well as some cases of secondary amenorrhea.
Further, patients indicated for clomiphene therapy must not have an ovarian cyst, vaginal bleeding, or hepatic impairment

Ovulation Induction: 50 mg daily (1 tablet) for five days. Treatment should start on day 5 of the menstrual cycle if there is spontaneous or induced bleeding.
If the patient does not ovulate during the first cycle, the dose can be increased to 100 mg per day (two 50 mg tablets taken as a single daily dose) for five days during the second cycle.
Treatment is repeatable for up to 6 cycles.
A low dosage or treatment duration is explicitly recommended for patients with PCOS to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Patients must be evaluated to exclude pregnancy, ovarian enlargement, or ovarian cyst formation between each treatment cycle.

Spermatogenesis induction: The regimen is 25 mg daily (half of a tablet) for 25 days, off for five days. Alternative administration is a 25 mg oral tablet every other day.
Semen analysis to evaluate spermatozoa level and motility should take place at regular intervals. The dose can be increased to 50 mg daily for 25 days, off for five days.

Although the following side effects are not common in everyone, some patients may complain from:

Some reported adverse effects from the use of clomiphene are headache, dizziness, exacerbation of psychiatric illnesses, gynecomastia, testicular tumor, vasomotor flushing, gastrointestinal disturbance, and mastalgia.
Other common adverse reactions are nausea, vomiting, ovarian enlargement, blurred vision, scintillating scotoma, abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, and hypertriglyceridemia.
Some serious reactions to the use of clomiphene are ovarian hyperstimulation, multiple pregnancies, thrombocytopenia, pancreatitis, risk of ovarian cancer after prolonged use, increased risk of malignant melanoma, severe visual disturbance, and hepatic damage.

Clomid is not indicated during pregnancy.
Although there is no evidence that Clomid has a harmful effect on the human fetus, there is evidence that Clomid has a deleterious effect on rat and rabbit fetuses when given in high doses to the pregnant animal.
To avoid inadvertent Clomid administration during early pregnancy, appropriate tests should be utilized during each treatment cycle to determine whether ovulation occurs.
The patient should have a pregnancy test before the next course of Clomid therapy.
It is not known whether Clomifene citrate is excreted in human milk.
Clomifene may reduce lactation.

Before initiating infertility treatment with clomiphene, first assess the underlying cause of the patient's anovulation and recommend lifestyle modifications or appropriately treat the causal medical condition.
Patients and their physicians must monitor ovulatory response since it allows for suitably timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination respectively; this will guide any alternative therapies if ovulation doesn't occur.

The clinician should monitor the patient's fasting lipid panel at baseline then periodically if the patient is at risk for hypertriglyceridemia.
Conduct a pregnancy test and do a pelvic exam before initiating clomiphene citrate therapy and before each treatment cycle.

Ask your physician or pharmacist

Clomid

1 result for Clomid